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Verse-by-Verse Study Notes
STUDY NOTES — verse by verse. [Brackets] mark English helper words. Hebrew quoted word-for-word from the Tanakh, never invented. “Lord” = kurios (title), never the Name. Greek in pinned comment; apparatus free below.
Rev 10:1 — א A P47.
Lit: “And I saw another mighty messenger coming down out of the heaven, clothed about with a cloud, and the rainbow [was] upon the head of him, and the face of him [was] as the sun, and the feet of him [were] as pillars of fire.”
Heb, Exod 13:21 (the pillar of cloud and fire): וַיהוָה הֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם יוֹמָם בְּעַמּוּד עָנָן לַנְחֹתָם הַדֶּרֶךְ וְלַיְלָה בְּעַמּוּד אֵשׁ לְהָאִיר לָהֶם — “and YudHeyVavHey went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them in the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light”
Heb, Ezek 1:28 (the rainbow round the glory): כְּמַרְאֵה הַקֶּשֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶה בֶעָנָן בְּיוֹם הַגֶּשֶׁם — “as the appearance of the rainbow that is in the cloud on the day of rain”
Heb, Dan 7:13 (Aramaic — coming with the clouds): וַאֲרוּ עִם־עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא כְּבַר אֱנָשׁ אָתֵה הֲוָה — “and behold, with the clouds of heaven one like a son of man was coming”
Heb, Judg 5:31 (the sun in its might): וְאֹהֲבָיו כְּצֵאת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָתוֹ — “and those who love Him shall be like the going forth of the sun in its might”
Rev 10:2 — א A P47.
Lit: “and having in the hand of him a little book having been opened. And he set the foot of him, the right [one], upon the sea, and the left [one] upon the land.”
Heb, Ezek 2:9 (the scroll in the hand): וְהִנֵּה־יָד שְׁלוּחָה אֵלָי וְהִנֵּה־בוֹ מְגִלַּת־סֵפֶר — “and behold, a hand was stretched out to me, and behold, in it a scroll of a book” (the right foot on the sea, the left on the land — the book’s own image; no Tanakh verbal parallel)
Rev 10:3 — א A P47.
Lit: “and he cried out with a great voice, just as a lion roars. And when he cried out, the seven thunders spoke the voices of themselves.”
Heb, Hos 11:10 (the roar like a lion): אַחֲרֵי יְהוָה יֵלְכוּ כְּאַרְיֵה יִשְׁאָג כִּי־הוּא יִשְׁאָג — “After YudHeyVavHey they shall walk; like a lion He shall roar, for He shall roar”
Heb, Amos 3:8 (the lion’s roar and the prophet’s must): אַרְיֵה שָׁאָג מִי לֹא יִירָא — “A lion has roared — who will not fear?”
Heb, Ps 29:3 (the voice as thunder on the waters): קוֹל יְהוָה עַל־הַמָּיִם אֵל־הַכָּבוֹד הִרְעִים — “The voice of YudHeyVavHey is upon the waters; the God of glory thunders”
Rev 10:4 — א A P47.
Lit: “And when the seven thunders spoke, I was about to write; and I heard a voice out of the heaven saying: Seal what the seven thunders spoke, and do not write them.”
Heb, Dan 12:4 (shut and seal the words): וְאַתָּה דָנִיֵּאל סְתֹם הַדְּבָרִים וַחְתֹם הַסֵּפֶר — “But you, Daniel, shut up the words and seal the book”
Heb, Dan 12:9 (the words shut and sealed): כִּי־סְתֻמִים וַחֲתֻמִים הַדְּבָרִים — “for the words are shut up and sealed”
Rev 10:5 — א A P47.
Lit: “And the messenger, whom I saw standing upon the sea and upon the land, lifted the hand of him, the right [one], into the heaven,”
Heb, Deut 32:40 (the lifted hand and the ever-living oath): כִּי־אֶשָּׂא אֶל־שָׁמַיִם יָדִי וְאָמַרְתִּי חַי אָנֹכִי לְעוֹלָם — “For I lift My hand to heaven and say: I live forever”
Heb, Dan 12:7 (the man clothed in linen lifts both hands and swears): וַיָּרֶם יְמִינוֹ וּשְׂמֹאלוֹ אֶל־הַשָּׁמַיִם וַיִּשָּׁבַע בְּחֵי הָעוֹלָם — “and he lifted his right hand and his left to heaven, and swore by Him who lives forever”
Rev 10:6 — א A P47.
Lit: “and swore by the [One] living into the ages of the ages, who created the heaven and the [things] in it and the land and the [things] in it and the sea and the [things] in it, that time no longer shall be;”
Heb, Exod 20:11 (the threefold maker-formula): כִּי שֵׁשֶׁת־יָמִים עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּם — “For in six days YudHeyVavHey made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them”
Rev 10:7 — א A P47.
Lit: “but in the days of the voice of the seventh messenger, when he is about to sound the trumpet, then was finished the mystery of Elohim, as He brought the good news to the servants of Himself, the prophets.”
Heb, Amos 3:7 (He reveals His secret to His servants the prophets): כִּי לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה דָּבָר כִּי אִם־גָּלָה סוֹדוֹ אֶל־עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים — “For the Lord YudHeyVavHey does nothing unless He reveals His secret to His servants the prophets”
Heb, Dan 2:28 (Aramaic — the God who reveals mysteries): אִיתַי אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא גָּלֵא רָזִין — “there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries”
Rev 10:8 — א A P47.
Lit: “And the voice which I heard out of the heaven [was] again speaking with me and saying: Go, take the book, the [one] having been opened, in the hand of the messenger, the [one] standing upon the sea and upon the land.”
Rev 10:9 — א A P47.
Lit: “and I went away to the messenger, saying to him to give me the little book. And he says to me: Take and devour it, and it shall make bitter the belly of you, but in the mouth of you it shall be sweet as honey.”
Heb, Ezek 3:1-3 (eat the scroll — sweet as honey in the mouth): וַתְּהִי בְּפִי כִּדְבַשׁ לְמָתוֹק — “and it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness”
Heb, Jer 15:16 (eating the found words): נִמְצְאוּ דְבָרֶיךָ וָאֹכְלֵם וַיְהִי דְבָרְךָ לִי לְשָׂשׂוֹן וּלְשִׂמְחַת לְבָבִי — “Your words were found, and I ate them, and Your word was to me for joy and for the rejoicing of my heart”
Heb, Ps 119:103 (words sweeter than honey): מַה־נִּמְלְצוּ לְחִכִּי אִמְרָתֶךָ מִדְּבַשׁ לְפִי — “How sweet are Your sayings to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth”
Rev 10:10 — א A P47.
Lit: “And I took the little book out of the hand of the messenger and devoured it, and it was in the mouth of me as honey, sweet; and when I ate it, was made bitter the belly of me.”
Heb, Ezek 3:3; Jer 15:16; Ps 119:103: see 10:9.
Rev 10:11 — א A P47.
Lit: “And they say to me: It is necessary [for] you again to prophesy over peoples and nations and tongues and many kings.”
Heb, Jer 1:10 (appointed over nations and kingdoms): רְאֵה הִפְקַדְתִּיךָ הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה עַל־הַגּוֹיִם וְעַל־הַמַּמְלָכוֹת — “See, I have appointed you this day over the nations and over the kingdoms” (the fourfold list — peoples, nations, tongues, kings — is Revelation’s own formula, cf. 5:9; 7:9; 14:6; 17:15)