Verse-by-Verse Study Notes
STUDY NOTES — verse by verse. [Brackets] mark English helper words. Hebrew quoted word-for-word from the Tanakh, never invented. “Lord” = kurios (title), never the Name. Greek in pinned comment; apparatus free below.
Rev 19:1 — א A C.
Lit: “After these [things] I heard as a great voice of a large multitude in the heaven, saying: ‘HalleluYah; the salvation and the glory and the power of our Elohim,’”
Heb, Ps 150:1 (הַלְלוּ־יָהּ — “HalleluYah”): הַלְלוּ יָהּ הַֽלְלוּ־אֵל בְּקָדְשׁוֹ הַֽלְלוּהוּ בִּרְקִיעַ עֻזּֽוֹ (the Hallel psalms — 104–106, 111–113, 115–117, 135, 146–150 — open and/or close with הַלְלוּ־יָהּ) — “praise Yah; praise El in His sanctuary; praise Him in the firmament of His might”
Rev 19:2 — א A C.
Lit: “because true and righteous [are] the judgments of him; because he judged the prostitute the great, who was corrupting the earth in the fornication of her, and avenged the blood of the slaves of him out of the hand of her.”
Heb, Ps 19:10 (the judgments true and righteous): מִֽשְׁפְּטֵי־יְהוָה אֱמֶת צָֽדְקוּ יַחְדָּֽו (מִשְׁפְּטֵי־יְהוָה — — “the judgments of YudHeyVavHey [are] true; righteous altogether” “the judgments of YudHeyVavHey” — answers to αἱ κρίσεις αὐτοῦ)
Rev 19:3 — א A C.
Lit: “and a second [time] they have said: ‘HalleluYah; and the smoke of her goes up unto the ages of the ages.’”
Heb, Isa 34:10 (the smoke going up forever): לַיְלָה וְיוֹמָם לֹא תִכְבֶּה לְעוֹלָם יַעֲלֶה עֲשָׁנָהּ (לְעוֹלָם יַעֲלֶה עֲשָׁנָהּ — “forever shall go up her smoke” — answers to ὁ καπνὸς αὐτῆς ἀναβαίνει εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων) — “night and day it shall not be quenched; forever shall go up the smoke of it”
Rev 19:4 — א A C.
Lit: “and fell down the elders, the twenty-four, and the four living [creatures], and worshiped Elohim, the [One] sitting upon the throne, saying: ‘Amen, HalleluYah.’”
Heb, Ps 106:48 (“Amen, HalleluYah”): וְאָמַר כָּל־הָעָם אָמֵן הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ — “and let all the people say: Amen, HalleluYah”
Rev 19:5 — א A C.
Lit: “And a voice out of the throne came forth, saying: ‘Praise our Elohim, all the slaves of him, and the [ones] fearing him, the small and the great.’”
Heb, Ps 117:1 (“praise” — הַלְלוּ answers to Αἰνεῖτε): הַֽלְלוּ אֶת־יְהוָה כָּל־גּוֹיִם שַׁבְּחוּהוּ כָּל־הָאֻמִּֽים — “praise YudHeyVavHey, all nations; laud Him, all peoples”
Rev 19:6 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and I heard as a voice of a large multitude and as a voice of many waters and as a voice of strong thunders, saying: ‘HalleluYah, because reigned Elohim, the Elohim, the Almighty.’”
Heb, Ps 97:1 (יְהוָה מָלָךְ — “YudHeyVavHey has reigned,” answering to ὅτι ἐβασίλευσεν): יְהוָה מָלָךְ תָּגֵל הָאָרֶץ יִשְׂמְחוּ אִיִּים רַבִּֽים — “YudHeyVavHey has reigned; let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad”
Rev 19:7 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “Let us rejoice and let us exult, and we will give the glory to him, because came the wedding of the Lamb, and the wife of him prepared herself;”
Heb, Isa 25:6 (the feast — מִשְׁתֵּה answers to δεῖπνον/γάμος): וְעָשָׂה יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת לְכָל־הָֽעַמִּים בָּהָר הַזֶּה מִשְׁתֵּה שְׁמָנִים — “and YudHeyVavHey of hosts will make for all the peoples in this mountain a feast of fat things”
Heb, Song 3:11 (the day of his wedding): בְּיוֹם חֲתֻנָּתוֹ וּבְיוֹם שִׂמְחַת לִבּֽוֹ — “in the day of his wedding, and in the day of the gladness of his heart”
Rev 19:8 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and it was given to her that she might be clothed in fine linen, bright [and] clean — for the fine linen is the righteous [acts] of the holy [ones].”
Heb, Isa 61:10 (clothed with garments of salvation, a robe of righteousness): כִּי הִלְבִּישַׁנִי בִּגְדֵי־יֶשַׁע מְעִיל צְדָקָה יְעָטָנִי — “for He has clothed me with garments of salvation; with a robe of righteousness He has covered me”
Rev 19:9 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “And he says to me: ‘Write: Blessed [are] the [ones] unto the supper of the wedding of the Lamb, having been called.’ And he says to me: ‘These the words, the true [ones] of Elohim, are.’”
Heb, Isa 25:6 (the feast — see 19:7): מִשְׁתֵּה שְׁמָנִים מִשְׁתֵּה שְׁמָרִים (מִשְׁתֵּה — “feast, banquet” — answers to δεῖπνον) — “a feast of fat things, a feast of wines on the lees”
Rev 19:10 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and I fell before the feet of him, to worship him. And he says to me: ‘See [that you do] not; a fellow-slave of you I am, and of the brothers of you, of the [ones] having the testimony of Yehoshua; worship Elohim; for the testimony of Yehoshua is the spirit of the prophecy.’”
Heb: no direct Tanakh verbal parallel.
Rev 19:11 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “And I saw the heaven having been opened, and behold a horse white, and the [One] sitting upon him — faithful, called, and true — and in righteousness he judges and makes war.”
Heb, Zech 1:8 (horses white among the myrtles): וְאַחֲרָיו סוּסִים אֲדֻמִּים שְׂרֻקִּים וּלְבָנִֽים — “and after him horses red, sorrel, and white”
Heb, Zech 6:3 (the third chariot — white horses): וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָה הַשְּׁלִשִׁית סוּסִים לְבָנִים (סוּסִים לְבָנִים — — “and in the third chariot white horses” “horses white” — answers to ἵππος λευκός)
Rev 19:12 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and the eyes of him [are] a flame of fire, and upon the head of him diadems many, having a name having been written, which no one knows except he,”
Heb, Dan 10:6 (eyes like torches of fire): וְעֵינָיו כְּלַפִּידֵי אֵשׁ (Palmer notes the ὡς/φλόξ variation against Dan 7:9 LXX and Theodotion) — “and his eyes [were] like torches of fire”
Rev 19:13 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and having been clothed with a garment having been dipped in blood, and is called the name of him: the Word of Elohim.”
Heb: no direct Tanakh verbal parallel for the name “the Word of Elohim” — so stated.
Rev 19:14 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and the armies, the [ones] in the heaven, were following him upon horses white, having been clothed in fine linen, white [and] clean.”
Heb: no direct Tanakh verbal parallel.
Rev 19:15 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and out of the mouth of him goes forth a sword sharp, so that with it he might strike the nations, and he will shepherd them with a rod of iron; and he treads the winepress of the wine of the fury of the wrath of Elohim the Almighty.”
Heb, Isa 49:2 (the mouth like a sharp sword): וַיָּשֶׂם פִּי כְּחֶרֶב חַדָּה — “and He made my mouth like a sharp sword”
Heb, Ps 2:9 (the rod of iron): תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל (בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל — — answers to ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ) — “You shall break them with a rod of iron” “with a rod of iron”
Heb, Isa 63:3 (the winepress trodden): פּוּרָה דָרַכְתִּי לְבַדִּי (פּוּרָה דָרַכְתִּי — — answers to πατεῖ τὴν ληνόν) — “a winepress I trod alone” “a winepress I trod”
Rev 19:16 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and he has upon the garment and upon the thigh of him a name having been written: King of kings and Lord of lords.”
Heb, Dan 2:37 (Aramaic — “king of kings,” of Nebuchadnezzar): אַנְתְּה מַלְכָּא מֶלֶךְ מַלְכַיָּא — “you, O king, king of kings”
Heb, Ezek 26:7 (“king of kings,” of Nebuchadnezzar against Tyre): מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים — “a king of kings”
Heb, Ezra 7:12 (Aramaic — “king of kings,” of Artaxerxes): אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא מֶלֶךְ מַלְכַיָּא (מֶלֶךְ מַלְכַיָּא / מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים — — “Artaxerxes, king of kings” “king of kings” — answers to Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων)
Rev 19:17 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “And I saw one angel standing in the sun, and he cried out with a great voice, saying to all the birds, the [ones] flying in mid-heaven: ‘Come, be gathered together unto the supper, the great [one] of Elohim,’”
Heb, Ezek 39:17 (the summons to the birds — see 19:18): אֱמֹר לְצִפּוֹר כָּל־כָּנָף וּלְכֹל חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה הִקָּבְצוּ וָבֹאוּ הֵאָסְפוּ מִסָּבִיב עַל־זִבְחִי אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי זֹבֵחַ לָכֶם (לְצִפּוֹר כָּל־כָּנָף — — “say to the birds of every wing, and to every beast of the field: Assemble and come; gather from round about to My sacrifice which I sacrifice for you” “to the birds of every wing” — answers to πᾶσι τοῖς ὀρνέοις τοῖς πετομένοις)
Rev 19:18 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “so that you might eat flesh of kings and flesh of commanders-of-thousands and flesh of strong [men] and flesh of horses and of the [ones] sitting upon them, and flesh of all — both of free and of slaves, and of small and of great.”
Heb, Ezek 39:17-18 (the birds eating flesh): וַאֲכַלְתֶּם בָּשָׂר וּשְׁתִיתֶם דָּֽם בְּשַׂר גִּבּוֹרִים תֹּאכֵלוּ — “and you shall eat flesh and drink blood” “the flesh of mighty men you shall eat”
Heb, Ezek 39:20 (filled at the table — horse and chariot): וּשְׂבַעְתֶּם עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִי סוּס וָרֶכֶב גִּבּוֹר וְכָל־אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה — “and you shall be filled at My table with horse and chariot, mighty men, and every man of war”
Rev 19:19 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and the armies of them, having been gathered to make the war with the [One] sitting upon the horse and with the army of him.”
Heb: no direct Tanakh verbal parallel.
Rev 19:20 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and was seized the beast, and with him the false prophet, the [one] having done the signs before him, in which he deceived the [ones] having received the mark of the beast and the [ones] worshiping the image of him; living they were thrown — the two — into the lake of the fire, of the [one] burning with sulfur.”
Heb, Dan 7:11 (Aramaic — the beast’s body given to the burning of fire): וְהוּבַד גִּשְׁמַהּ וִיהִיבַת לִיקֵדַת אֶשָּֽׁא (לִיקֵדַת אֶשָּׁא — — “and its body was destroyed, and was given to the burning of fire” “to the burning of fire” — answers to τὴν λίμνην τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς καιομένης)
Rev 19:21 — א A; C lacuna — 19:6–21.
Lit: “and the rest were killed by the sword of the [One] sitting upon the horse — the [sword] going forth out of the mouth of him — and all the birds were filled from the flesh of them.”
Heb, Isa 11:4 (struck with the rod of His mouth): וְהִֽכָּה־אֶרֶץ בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו (בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו — — “and He shall strike the earth with the rod of His mouth” “with the rod of His mouth” — answers to τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ)