Verse-by-Verse Study Notes
STUDY NOTES — verse by verse. [Brackets] mark English helper words. Hebrew quoted word-for-word from the Tanakh, never invented. “Lord” = kurios (title), never the Name. Greek in pinned comment; apparatus free below.
Rev 15:1 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvelous, seven angels having seven plagues, the last, because in them was finished the wrath of Elohim.”
Heb, Deut 28:59 (great and marvelous plagues): וְהִפְלָא יְהוָה אֶת־מַכֹּתְךָ וְאֵת מַכּוֹת זַרְעֶךָ מַכּוֹת גְּדֹלֹת וְנֶאֱמָנוֹת — “and YudHeyVavHey will make your plagues extraordinary — great and enduring plagues, and the plagues of your seed”
Rev 15:2 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “And I saw as a sea of glass having been mixed with fire, and the [ones] overcoming out of the beast and out of the image of him and out of the number of the name of him standing upon the sea, the [one] of glass, having harps of Elohim.”
Heb, Ezek 1:22 (the crystal firmament above the living ones): וּדְמוּת עַל־רָאשֵׁי הַחַיָּה רָקִיעַ כְּעֵין הַקֶּרַח הַנּוֹרָא נָטוּי עַל־רָאשֵׁיהֶם מִלְמָעְלָה — “and a likeness over the heads of the living creature: a firmament, like the awesome crystal, spread over their heads above”
Rev 15:3 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of Elohim, and the song of the Lamb, saying: ‘Great and marvelous [are] the works of You, Elohim — the God, the Almighty; righteous and true [are] the ways of You, the King of the ages.’”
Heb, Exod 15:1 (the Song of Moses — the song sung here is named for it): אָז יָשִׁיר־מֹשֶׁה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־הַשִּׁירָה הַזֹּאת לַיהוָה וַיֹּאמְרוּ לֵאמֹר אָשִׁירָה לַיהוָה כִּי־גָאֹה גָּאָה סוּס וְרֹכְבוֹ רָמָה בַיָּם — “then Moses and the sons of Israel sang this song to YudHeyVavHey, and they spoke, saying: ‘I will sing to YudHeyVavHey, for He has triumphed gloriously — horse and its rider He hurled into the sea’”
Heb, Jer 10:7 (“King of the nations” — the phrase behind the ἐθνῶν variant): מִי לֹא־יִירָאֲךָ מֶלֶךְ־הַגּוֹיִם כִּי לְךָ יָאָתָה כִּי בְכָל־חַכְמֵי הַגּוֹיִם וּבְכָל־מַלְכוּתָם מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ — “who would not fear You, O King of the nations? For to You it is due — for among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their kingdom, there is none like You”
Heb, Ps 111:2 (“great are the works”): גְּדֹלִים מַעֲשֵׂי יְהוָה דְּרוּשִׁים לְכָל־חֶפְצֵיהֶם — “great are the works of YudHeyVavHey, sought out by all who delight in them”
Rev 15:4 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “‘Who shall not fear, Elohim, and shall glorify the name of You, because alone [are You] pure, because all the nations shall come and shall worship before You, because the righteous judgments of You were revealed.’”
Heb, Ps 86:9 (all the nations shall come and worship before You — the verse this line renders): כָּל־גּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתָ יָבֹאוּ וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְפָנֶיךָ אֲדֹנָי וִיכַבְּדוּ לִשְׁמֶךָ — “all the nations whom You have made shall come and worship before You, O Adonai, and shall glorify Your name” (cf. Jer 10:7 above — “who would not fear You, O King of the nations”)
Rev 15:5 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “And after these things I saw, and was opened the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven,”
Heb, Exod 38:21 (the tabernacle of the testimony): אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן מִשְׁכַּן הָעֵדֻת אֲשֶׁר פֻּקַּד עַל־פִּי מֹשֶׁה עֲבֹדַת הַלְוִיִּם בְּיַד אִיתָמָר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן — “these are the records of the tabernacle, the tabernacle of the testimony, which were recorded at the mouth of Moses — the service of the Levites, by the hand of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest”
Rev 15:6 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “and came out the seven angels, the [ones] having the seven plagues, out of the temple, having been clothed [in] linen clean bright, and having been girded about the breasts with golden sashes.”
Heb, Lev 16:4 (the holy linen garments): כְּתֹנֶת־בַּד קֹדֶשׁ יִלְבָּשׁ וּמִכְנְסֵי־בָד יִהְיוּ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ וּבְאַבְנֵט בַּד יַחְגֹּר וּבְמִצְנֶפֶת בַּד יִצְנֹף בִּגְדֵי־קֹדֶשׁ הֵם — “a holy linen tunic he shall wear, and linen breeches shall be upon his flesh, and with a linen sash he shall gird himself, and with a linen turban he shall wrap — holy garments are they”
Rev 15:7 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “And one of the four living ones gave to the seven angels seven golden bowls being full of the wrath of Elohim, the [One] living unto the ages of the ages.”
Heb, 1 Kgs 7:50 (the golden vessels of the house): וְהַסִּפִּים וְהַמְזַמְּרוֹת וְהַמִּזְרָקוֹת וְהַכַּפּוֹת וְהַמַּחְתּוֹת זָהָב סָגוּר — “and the basins, and the snuffers, and the bowls, and the ladles, and the firepans — pure gold”
Rev 15:8 — P47 א A C.
Lit: “And the temple was filled with smoke out of the glory of Elohim and out of the power of Him, and no one was able to enter into the temple until the seven plagues of the seven angels should be finished.”
Heb, Exod 40:34-35 (the glory filled the tabernacle, and Moses could not enter): וַיְכַס הֶעָנָן אֶת־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וּכְבוֹד יְהוָה מָלֵא אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן׃ וְלֹא־יָכֹל מֹשֶׁה לָבוֹא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד כִּי־שָׁכַן עָלָיו הֶעָנָן וּכְבוֹד יְהוָה מָלֵא אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן — “and the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of YudHeyVavHey filled the tabernacle; and Moses was not able to enter the tent of meeting, because the cloud dwelt upon it, and the glory of YudHeyVavHey filled the tabernacle”
Heb, 1 Kgs 8:10-11 (the cloud filled the house, and the priests could not stand to minister): וַיְהִי בְּצֵאת הַכֹּהֲנִים מִן־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְהֶעָנָן מָלֵא אֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה׃ וְלֹא־יָכְלוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים לַעֲמֹד לְשָׁרֵת מִפְּנֵי הֶעָנָן כִּי־מָלֵא כְבוֹד־יְהוָה אֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה — “and it was, when the priests came out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of YudHeyVavHey; and the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud, for the glory of YudHeyVavHey filled the house of YudHeyVavHey”